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Wissenschaftsmanagement, quo vadis? Ansätze zur Definition, Personal- und Organisationsentwicklung
(2019)
Das Wissenschaftsmanagement wird in Wissenschaftsorganisationen zunehmend wichtiger. Gleichzeitig wissen wir bisher relativ wenig darüber. Deshalb werden wir zunächst die Entwicklung des Wissenschaftsmanagements einordnen und einige zentrale Entwicklungen nachzeichnen. Anhand der Vorstellung und Diskussion bisheriger Versuche zur Definition und Eingrenzung des Wissenschaftsmanagements wird dann herausgearbeitet, dass diese sich in unterschiedlichem Ausmaß als Grundlage für eine fundierte Diskussion von Qualifikationsanforderungen und für (zielgruppenspezifische) Maßnahmen wie zur Personalentwicklung eignen. Zudem wird aufgezeigt, dass das Wissenschaftsmanagement auch eine bisher möglicherweise unterschätzte Rolle bei der Organisationsentwicklung spielt.
Administrative sanctions can be said to dwell in the periphery of punishment because they do not require setting the wheels of criminal procedure in motion. This allows States to save public resources as well as helps them to escape closer scrutiny at the judicial level. At the same time, the imposition of administrative sanctions usually curtails individual guarantees. Against this background, this article examines where the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) draws the line between measures belonging to the ‘hard core of criminal law’ and the periphery. After a presentation of gradual broadening of the ‘criminal limb’ guarantees of Article 6 European Convention on Human Rights to administrative measure of a punitive nature, it explores where do these guarantees meet their limits by taking the approach adopted in the landmark Jussila judgment as a point of departure. Subsequently, a structured analysis of the selected ECtHR case law in which this approach has been applied or – at least – invoked is provided. The article is finished with a reflection on the current interpretation of the said penumbra of punishment, which, among other things, identifies the possible gaps of individual protection, and the outlook for the future.
Nachdem der EuGH in den frühen 2000er Jahren Unionsbürgern weitreichende sozialrecht-liche Teilhabe ermöglicht hat, beschränkt der Gesetzgeber nun deren Leistungsberechtigung. 2016 wurden nichterwerbstätige Angehörige anderer EU-Mitgliedstaaten aus der Grund-sicherung für Arbeitsuchende (SGB II) und der Sozialhilfe (SGB XII) ausgeschlossen. Dies soll auch im Kindergeldrecht nachvollzogen werden.
The European Commission presented, in its White Paper on the Future of Europe, scenarios on the future of the EU in 2025, which prompt the question as to their meaning for the future of EU administrative law. This article explores the implications of the scenarios for the future of EU executive rulemaking and its constitutional consequences. As some scenarios imply a more powerful political role of the Commission, and almost all expand the scope and usage of executive rulemaking, the executive power gains induce the need for more distinct constitutional guidelines for executive rulemaking and for strengthened parliamentary control, to preserve the institutional power balance between legislative and executive rulemaking. The analysis develops proposals insofar and demands respect for constitutional barriers already enshrined in EU primary law but not sufficiently addressed yet in institutional practice.