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Governments and energy operators are often confronted with local residents’ protest against the construction of new high-voltage overhead transmission lines, negative risk expectations, and a lack of public support. A frequently discussed strategy for dealing with these issues is to build underground cables instead of overhead lines. So far, however, there is not much empirical evidence of whether substituting overhead lines by underground cables actually reduces protest or affects public risk expectations and attitudes. This study contributes to filling this gap by comparing residents’ risk expectations, attitudes, and protest behavior observed at two grid expansion sites in Germany by means of a quasi-experiment. At the time when the data were collected, both grid expansion projects–an overhead line project in Lower Saxony and an underground cable project in Hesse–were at the same stage of the legally defined planning and approval procedure. After controlling for various potential confounders, we obtained results revealing that there are no differences in the risk expectations, attitudes, and protest behavior of residents interviewed at the two project sites, or only marginal ones. Hence, our findings do not support the assumption that building underground cables necessarily improves the situation with regard to risk expectations, attitudes, and protest behavior.
Art. 91 c Abs. 5 GG und das Onlinezugangsgesetz (OZG) läuten eine Zeitenwende im deutschen E-Government ein: Sie geben den Startschuss dafür, dass Einwohner und Unternehmen künftig alle Verwaltungsleistungen digital über ein zentrales Zugangstor ansteuern können. Der Portalverbund ruft kein einheitliches Leistungsportal ins Leben: Alle Verwaltungsträger dürfen ihre bisherigen Portale behalten. Er stellt aber die Verbindung zwischen den Online-Verwaltungsportalen des Bundes, der Länder und der Gemeinden her, indem er sie zu einer funktionierenden medienbruchfreien, übergreifenden Einheit verknüpft.
Verwaltungsstile
(2019)
Courts of auditors fulfil an important function within a state’s constitutional structure. One of their most important responsibilities is to strengthen the citizens’ trust in the state and in politics by controlling the state`s financial management. In order to perform this task, the courts of auditors need thorough insight into administrative proceedings, even in those that contain personal data. Therefore, the external financial control can come into conflict with the involved persons’ right to informational self-determination. If the GDPR applied in full to the courts of auditors’ processing activities, this could – in turn – interfere with their constitutionally protected independence. On closer examination, it becomes clear that audit and data protection authorities maintain a special relationship of cooperation. Their respective competency of control is reciprocally limited as required by their particular independence. As a consequence, they have to be treated in analogy to courts, which the GDPR explicitly privileges. Thus, courts of auditors are subject to data protection law, but (inter alia) released from the data protection authorities’ supervision.