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- Lehrstuhl für Öffentliches Recht, insbesondere deutsches und europäisches Verwaltungsrecht (Univ.-Prof. Dr. Ulrich Stelkens) (25)
- Lehrstuhl für Verwaltungswissenschaft, Staatsrecht, Verwaltungsrecht und Europarecht (Univ.-Prof. Dr. Mario Martini) (20)
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- Lehrstuhl für Öffentliches Recht, Finanz- und Steuerrecht (Univ.-Prof. Dr. Joachim Wieland) (5)
The paper deals with the Föderalismusreform III, focusing in particular on the amendments of the financial constitution (‘Finanzverfassung’) and on the changes in the Finanzausgleich that will be effective from 2020 onwards. Insofar the system of revenue distribution across and within the different layers of government (Finanzausgleich) has been one of the most controversial issue with reference to Bund-Länder financial relations and it is not by chance that the reform approved in July 2017 has substantially revised this system. Not only the horizontal equalization scheme (Länderfinanzausgleich) will expire by the end of 2019, but the VAT distribution among the Länder will be done according to new criteria, showing a strong redistributive impact. In discussing the main features of the new system to come, the paper investigates the pros and cons of the reform, evaluating the impact on federal dynamics.
Außenwirtschaftsbeziehungen
(2018)
Introduction
(2018)
EU administrative law scholarship and practice remain confused about the reach and interrelation of arts 290 and 291 TFEU, which created the categories of delegated and implementing Commission acts. The introduction of these two different instruments of executive rule-making by the Lisbon Treaty has prompted attempts in delineating them, based on constitutional theories of separation of powers or functional differentiation. These attempts have failed to a large extent, all the more since the CJEU’s relevant case law has not been helpful in constructing a proper distinction. Today, recourse to arts 290 and 291 TFEU by the legislator takes place in the tension created between the fact that the Treaties, informed by an abstract constitutional distinction between legislation and execution, appear to have created categorically different acts, and the fact that delegated and implementing rule-making procedures in practice have become increasingly similar to each other. In simplified terms, the problem is that delegated and implementing acts appear – in terms of their foundation in primary law – as fundamentally different acts that are, however, adopted in practice through similar procedures, at the same time as their content and legal effects are indistinguishable in many or even in most cases. Yet, if we accept that the creation of two forms of Commission acts was prompted by some form of legal necessity or legitimate political will, then understanding the difference between delegating and implementing acts remains paramount.
Arts. 290 and 291 TFEU are notoriously hard to differentiate. However, there is some evidence that a separation on the basis of substantive regulation through delegated acts and procedural specifications by implementing acts is forthcoming. The substantive – procedural differentiation is not very clear cut, but it affords the institutions flexibility in answering new challenges while at the same time exerting some guiding force. This Conclusion describes the separation of delegated and implementing acts along the substantive – procedural differentiation but also points to problems ahead. Thus, constitutional ambiguity, an inappropriate reliance on pre-Lisbon doctrine and the lack of a common vision continue to plague the law on EU administrative rule-making. To find a way to fulfil the promise of simplification that is part of the Lisbon reform, the EU institutions will all need to take the procedural safeguards around delegated and implementing acts more seriously.
Die empirische Kultursoziologie und die neuere Sozialstrukturanalyse haben in beeindruckender Weise die Sozialstruktur der Konsumenten von kulturellen Angeboten, insbesondere der Hochkultur beschreiben können. Ausgespart bleibt an dieser Stelle aber häufig die Erklärung für diese spezifische Zusammensetzung des Publikums. Der Aufsatz macht deutlich, dass man die Sozialstruktur des Opernpublikums sehr gut durch unterschiedliche Besuchsmotive erklären kann. Während eine Präferenz für Opernmusik und eine Identifikation mit der Oper für alle Besucher relevant ist, zeigt sich, dass höher gebildete Personen stärker über die soziale Anerkennung durch andere Personen in ihrem sozialen Netzwerk motiviert sind. Ältere Befragte sind im Gegensatz dazu stärker durch die normative Distinktion zum Opernbesuch motiviert. In diesen Ergebnissen wird deutlich, dass unterschiedliche Bevölkerungsgruppen tatsächlich verschiedene Motive für den Opernbesuch haben. Eine Clusteranalyse legt eine Unterscheidung zwischen vier Typen von Opernbesuchern nahe, die sich in Sozialstruktur und Besuchsmotiven unterscheiden.
Art. 21 - Widerspruchsrecht
(2018)