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Freedom of information (FOI) laws aim to improve the public’s opportunities to access official information from public authorities and hence to increase the level of transparency. Thus, it is important to know whether and to what degree the effects intended by establishing FOI laws are achieved and how their implementation could be improved. In order to answer these questions, FOI laws have to be evaluated. Unfortunately, attempts to evaluate FOI laws are still in their infancy. To promote sound evaluation, this article aims to provide guidance on how comprehensive FOI law evaluations might be designed and conducted.
Governments and energy operators are frequently confronted with opposition to the construction of new highvoltage transmission lines. In this context, a recent experiment by Mueller et al. (2017) tested the so-called proximity hypothesis and found that spatial proximity to proposed transmission line corridor route alternatives significantly affected residents' likelihood of having negative risk expectations, showing low levels of support, and engaging in protest against the planned facility. Moreover, their findings suggest that the relationship between spatial proximity and the dependent variables is appropriately modeled by a distance decay function, showing that effects attenuate with increasing distance from the infrastructure site. Unfortunately, because of the fact that the study is the only one that has tested the proximity hypothesis in the context of planning new trans-mission lines so far, the existing evidence cannot be considered as a solid knowledge base. Therefore, to strengthen the reliability of the existing evidence, the natural experiment of Mueller et al. (2017) has to be replicated, which is the purpose of the present study. The findings of the replication clearly support the results provided by Mueller and colleagues and provide further empirical evidence that strengthens the proximity hypothesis in the context of power grid expansion.
Das Hamburgische Transparenzgesetz (HmbTG) trat am 6. Oktober 2012 in Kraft und löste damit das vorhergehende Hamburgische Informationsfreiheitsgesetz (HmbIFG) ab und entwickelte dieses an entsprechenden Stellen weiter. Als erstes Bundesland schuf Hamburg damit eine gesetzliche Grundlage für ein umfassendes Informationsrecht, durch das öffentliche Stellen verpflichtet werden, Informationen proaktiv und nicht erst auf Anfrage der Allgemeinheit unter Wahrung des Schutzes personenbezogener Daten in einem sog. Transparenzportal als Informationsregister zur Verfügung zu stellen.
§ 18 Abs. 2 S. 3 HmbTG sieht vor, dass der Senat das Gesetz spätestens vier Jahre nach Inkrafttreten im Hinblick auf seine Anwendung und Auswirkungen überprüft und der Bürgerschaft über das Ergebnis berichtet.
Die Ziele des Evaluationsauftrags sind es, die
- Ermöglichung der Kontrolle staatlichen Handelns,
- Förderung der demokratischen Meinungs- und Willensbildung sowie die
- Gewährleistung des unmittelbaren und unverzüglichen Zugangs zu Informationen für die Allgemeinheit unter Wahrung des Schutzes personenbezogener Daten
mit Hilfe von rechts- und sozialwissenschaftlichen Methoden zu untersuchen.