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The characteristics of creative educational interventions and the way they are implemented in the field often make their evaluation a challenging task. This article uses an exemplary intervention from a large-scale consumer education program on climate protection to present the design, method, and results of a two-step evaluation procedure which allows evaluators to cope with such a situation. Step 1 aims to answer the question of whether or not an intervention actually has the intended effects. Step 2 then assesses the factors that contribute to those effects. Thus, such a two-step evaluation yields information, not only on which interventions are effective and should therefore be maintained, but also on how they should be designed to achieve maximum effects.
Policymakers and transmission system operators frequently face problems when planning and constructing new high-voltage transmission lines because of opposition among local residents. Protest varies due to attributes of the transmission lines (e.g., length and size), site-specific characteristics, and the extent of consternation among local residents. The most controversially discussed grid expansion project in Germany is the SuedLink, which has been causing severe protest among groups of local residents. One driver of public opposition is the existence of local citizens’ initiatives. These groups play an important role, for example by influencing the public debate, taking legal action, or mobilizing their members and other citizens into protest. In doing so, they can cause delays due to confrontational planning and approval procedures. In order to deal with these risks, decision-makers need to know about the actual effects of citizens’ initiatives on public protest. So far, however, empirical research on these effects has been sparse. This study contributes to filling this gap by considering one specific aspect of the influence of citizens’ initiatives. It isolates the causal effects of citizens’ initiative membership on members’ individual protest behavior in the context of the SuedLink. Controlling for various potential confounders, our results clearly indicate that the probability of performing protest behavior and the intensity of protest are substantially larger for members of citizens’ initiatives than for non-members.
§ 18 Abs. 2 Satz 3 des Hamburgischen Transparenzgesetzes (HmbTG) sieht vor, dass der Senat das HmbTG im Hinblick auf seine Anwendung und Auswirkungen spätestens vier Jahre nach dem Inkrafttreten überprüft und der Bürgerschaft über das Ergebnis berichtet. Mit der Durchführung der Gesetzesevaluation wurde das Institut für Gesetzesfolgenabschätzung und Evaluation (InGFA) am Deutschen Forschungsinstitut für öffentliche Verwaltung (FÖV) in Speyer beauftragt. Der Evaluationsbericht wurde vom InGFA im September 2017 vorgelegt.
Der Erfolg jeder Gesetzesevaluation beruht maßgeblich auf den zur Verfügung gestellten und erhobenen Daten. Für den Zugang zu dem hier verarbeiteten Datenmaterial möchten wir uns in erster Linie bei den Mitarbeiterinnen und Mitarbeitern der Justizbehörde der Freien und Hansestadt Hamburg bedanken. Ebenfalls danken wir den Mitarbeiterinnen und Mitarbeitern der Fachlichen Leitstelle beim Staatsarchiv, die uns bei der Umsetzung unserer Online-Umfragen unterstützt und damit die Möglichkeit gegeben haben, die Nutzerinnen und Nutzer des Transparenzportals zu befragen. Darüber hinaus vermittelten sie uns wertvolles (technisches) Wissen über die IT-Struktur und deren Aufbau.
Besonderer Dank gilt allen Teilnehmerinnen und Teilnehmern der Online-Befragungen und der Experteninterviews. Die zur Verfügung gestellten Daten und persönlichen Erfahrungen bilden die Grundlage für die hier vorliegende umfangreiche Evaluation des Gesetzes.
Governments and energy operators are frequently confronted with opposition to the construction of new highvoltage transmission lines. In this context, a recent experiment by Mueller et al. (2017) tested the so-called proximity hypothesis and found that spatial proximity to proposed transmission line corridor route alternatives significantly affected residents' likelihood of having negative risk expectations, showing low levels of support, and engaging in protest against the planned facility. Moreover, their findings suggest that the relationship between spatial proximity and the dependent variables is appropriately modeled by a distance decay function, showing that effects attenuate with increasing distance from the infrastructure site. Unfortunately, because of the fact that the study is the only one that has tested the proximity hypothesis in the context of planning new trans-mission lines so far, the existing evidence cannot be considered as a solid knowledge base. Therefore, to strengthen the reliability of the existing evidence, the natural experiment of Mueller et al. (2017) has to be replicated, which is the purpose of the present study. The findings of the replication clearly support the results provided by Mueller and colleagues and provide further empirical evidence that strengthens the proximity hypothesis in the context of power grid expansion.
Governments and energy operators are frequently confronted with opposition to the construction of new energy infrastructure and a lack of public support. This is also true for the planning of new high-voltage overhead transmission lines. In this context, a question of interest for policy makers and energy operators is how residents react when they realize that they may be affected by future transmission lines in close proximity to their homes. This study provides evidence of how local residents respond to the announcement of transmission line corridor route alternatives (TLCRAs). By means of a natural experiment, it estimates the causal effects of spatial proximity to proposed TLCRAs during the planning phase of an energy project. The results reveal that proximity significantly enhanced residents’ risk perceptions with respect to landscape deterioration, property/house value reduction, and damages to human health. We also found that increasing proximity decreased residents’ support for grid expansion and increased the likelihood of performing information seeking behavior and becoming a member of a local citizens’ initiative. Finally, our findings suggest that the relationship between spatial proximity and the dependent variables are appropriately modeled by a distance decay function, showing that effects attenuate with increasing distance from the infrastructure site.