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This book explores how migrants and refugees can revitalise peripheral regions and commu-nities economically. The extent to which migrants stimulate the economic activities of these regions through labour market participation, entrepreneurship, innovation and consumption is examined theoretically and empirically for the EU as a whole, as well as through empirical case studies that highlight the impact of migration at macro, company, and individual levels. A particular focus is given to the economic consequences of Third Country Nationals to places beyond the cities, i.e. the peripheral and remote regions of Europe. This book aims to provide insight into the role of migrations in low productive and labour-intensive regions. The authors provide innovative policy recommendations to stimulate the positive economic con-sequences of immigration to places beyond the cities. It will be of interest to students, re-searchers, and policymakers working within labour economics and migration and integration policies.
Is academic freedom threatened? The book examines current challenges to academic freedom in Europe, focusing mainly on Italy and Germany.
The cases discussed demonstrate that research and teaching are under pressure in Euro-pean democracies: in Hungary and Poland due to political constraints, in other countries due to societal expectations. Considering different interrelated aspects, the four parts of the book explore many real and potential threats to universities, scientific institutions and researchers, ranging from the European dimension of freedom of the arts and sciences to comparative analysis of emerging challenges to academic freedom against the backdrop of the COVID-19 pandemic. They highlight threats to university autonomy from the economic orientation of university governance, which emphasizes efficiency, competition, and external evaluation, and from new rules concerning trigger warnings, speech restrictions, and ethics commissions.
Detailed study of these complex threats is intended to stimulate scholarly reflection and elicit serious discussion at European and national level. The volume contributes to the search for a new role of universities and scientific institutions and is addressed to academics and political stakeholders.
This study explores public leaders’ organizational learning orientation in the wake of a crisis. More precisely, we study the association between public leaders’ public service motivation and their learning orientation (instrumental versus political). This research addresses the lack of systematic empirical data on crisis-induced learning and provides a first systematic operationalization of this important concept. We analyze survey data collected from 209 Dutch mayors on their learning priorities in responding to a hypothetical crisis situation in their municipality. The mayors’ response patterns reveal (1) “cognitive”, (2) “behavioral”, (3) “accountability”, and (4) “external communication” dimensions of crisis-induced learning. We find that mayors with a stronger public service motivation put more effort into instrumental learning (dimensions 1 and 2), and surprisingly, also into political learning (dimensions 3 and 4). Mayoral experience in previous crises is positively associated with accountability-related learning after a crisis. However, mayoral tenure is negatively associated with crisis-induced behavioral learning.
Citizen Participation in Multi-level Democracies offers an overview of new forms of participatory democracy in federally and regionally organised multi-level states. Its four sections focus on the conceptual foundations of participation, the implementation and instruments of democracy, examples from federal and regional States, and the emergence of participation on the European level.
There is today a growing disaffection amongst the citizens of many states towards the traditional models of representative democracy. This book highlights the various functional and structural problems with which contemporary democracies are confronted and which lie at the root of their peoples’ discontent. Within multi-level systems in particular, the fragmentation of state authority generates feelings of powerlessness among citizens. In this context, citizens’ participation can in many cases be a useful complement to the representative and direct forms of democracy.
Dieses Buch analysiert die EU-Forschungs- und Technologiepolitik und vermittelt Verständnis für deren Interdependenzen mit nationalen Politiken und Forschungskulturen. Zentrale Fragestellungen sind die neue Rolle der EU in der Grundlagenforschung, die Europäisierung der Forschung verbunden mit erweiterten Kompetenzen der EU und die gewachsene Rolle der Rahmenprogramme.
Einsichten in diese Fragen können helfen, neue Fragestellungen, die aus der Kommunikation der EU Kommission zur Innovationsunion von 2010 erwachsen, einzuordnen und mit ihnen umzugehen. Hierzu gehört die vom Wissenschaftsrat vorgeschlagene Option einer Verbindung eines Europäischen Forschungsraums mit Offenheit für internationale Kooperationen und hoher nationaler Autonomie der Akteure oder die DFG-Initiative für vernetzte Forschung durch eine European Grant Union aufbauend auf EUROHORCS und der ESF.
Today, higher education and research institutions are confronted with variable and sometimes contradictory demands from state, industry and society. They have to face growing volatility in education policy, and a research paradigm that sees an accelerating rate of knowledge growth as well as the internationalization of the knowledge process itself. It is vital that academics and policymakers stay abreast of the impact that policy changes have on education and research in tertiary institutions. Based on a sector-specific theory model for the governance of research organizations, this book outlines evidence of the effects of the so-called ‘new public management reforms’ in the German university and public research sector. The volume aims to shed some light on the differences between the disciplines in input, throughput, profiles of output and the typical conditions of knowledge production, disparities that are currently little understood and are thus not reflected in government policy as ministers implement new governance forms in the research system. It analyzes in detail these new forms, and demonstrates how they affect knowledge production and research performance from the level of research group up to that of the system itself. The authors focus on a set of disciplines that represent the breadth of research divisions in major universities: natural science fields oriented to basic research (astrophysics), two application-oriented fields from the natural sciences (nanoscience and biotechnology), a social science field (economics) and a humanity field (medieval history).
<b>Abstract</b>
Higher education and researach institutions are confronted with changing and sometimes contradictory claims from state, industry and society, today. They have to face growing volatility and an acceleration and internationalization of the konowledge process. This book undertakes to develop a sector specific theory of governance of the public research sector and applies it to the German research system. The book is the outcome of a large interdisciplinary project. It analyzes the reforms in the German research system from a integrated perspective of law, ecconomics and social sciences. The case of Germany is compared to reforms in other European countries such as Austria, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. The study emphasizes an integrated approach considering the researchi function of universities as well as the non-university research sector. The focus is on the integration of external and internal governance. First, we pose the question how external competition and control mechanisms do influence internal governance of research institutions and universities and vice versa. Second, we discuss the consequences of these impacts on research.
The book addresses scholars in the field of science and technology studies and research policy as well as actors responsible for establishing and implementing research policies. Managers of research institutions will find insights and guidelines for the strategic positioning of their institutions in a rapidly changing environment. Researachers in the field of governance may profit from the approaches to governance which are applied to the German research system in comparison to other research systems.
Written for:
Practitioners and scholars in Higher Education Studies, Management of Higher Education, Researach and Innovation Management, Science and Technology Studies, Science and Technology Policy, Governance and Governance Theory, New Public Management.
Reinventing Government and modernizing public administration is an important issue in public policy. There is a variety of reform strategies for achieving sustainable development and efficiency of public authorities, but until now, the proposed reforms have not been very successful. It is not surprising that meanwhile, trust in New Public Management partially vanished. Instead of having faith in the "economization" of public management, the question of values arises. In this book, the necessary change towards a Public Value Management (as a counter-movement in Europe against the merely economical way of modernizing public administration) is explained and reflected.
Die Modernisierung von Staat und Verwaltung bildet ein zentrales Thema in der Auseinandersetzung um die künftige Entwicklung der Bundesrepublik Deutschland und der Europäischen Union. Trotz einer breiten Diskussion einschlägiger Modernisierungsstrategien vor allem zur Effizienzsteigerung der öffentlichen Verwaltungen sind die vorgeschlagenen Reformansätze bislang nicht sonderlich erfolgreich gewesen. Das Vertrauen vieler Bürger in ein Neues Verwaltungsmanagement schwindet mehr und mehr. Statt dessen stellen sich entschiedene Fragen nach den sozialen und Wertgrundlagen der Modernisierungsprozesse. Das Buch greift diese Fragen auf; es setzt sich mit dem notwendigen Wandel zu einem wertegebundenen öffentlichen Management als Gegenbewegung zur "Ökonomisierungsstrategie" der Staatsmodernisierung in Europa unter Abgrenzung zu den anglo-amerikanischen Staaten auseinander.