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Der Bericht enthält die Ergebnisse der Evaluation des Planungssicherstellungsgesetzes (PlanSiG), die durch das Deutsche Forschungsinstitut für öffentliche Verwaltung im Auftrag des Bundesministeriums des Innern und für Heimat durchgeführt wurde. Ziel der Evaluation war es erstens, einen Eindruck darüber zu gewinnen, inwieweit in der Verfahrenspraxis von den Instrumenten des PlanSiG Gebrauch gemacht wurde. Zweitens sollten die durch die Anwendung der Instrumente entstehenden Auswirkungen auf die Verfahrensbeteiligten untersucht werden. Das dritte Ziel war es, zu prüfen, welche Instrumente sich auch nach Außerkrafttreten des Gesetzes zur Weiterführung eignen und welche Modifikationen ggf. vorzunehmen sind. Die Datenerhebung erfolgte mithilfe eines qualitativen Forschungs-designs. Dabei wurden insgesamt 39 leitfadengestützte Interviews mit Vertreterinnen und Vertretern von Behörden, Vorhabenträgern und Umwelt- und Naturschutzvereinigungen geführt.
Administrative justice and the rule of law have often been in tension. However, they have converged over time as the scope of administrative justice and the conceptions of the rule of law have shifted. This chapter starts with the historical connections between administrative justice and the rule of law. It then maps ways in which the rule of law is expressed when ad-ministrative justice is embedded within administrative organization and when it is organized as a system external to the administration. This approach highlights the diversity of technical solutions to recurring questions across three major administrative systems (namely England, France, and the United States). This analysis also leads to highlighting two new challenges for the rule of law: first, how the rule of law responds to various forms of increasing administra-tive repression, and second, how the rule of law responds to globalization at a time when no coherent global administrative justice system exists.
In Central Europe, especially in Hungary and Poland, over the last years there are serious problems related to democracy, constitutional balance and the rule of law. In a short time, the illiberal political leaders put into practice an order that calls into question principles that form part of the axiological foundation of the European Union. This article explains why illiberalism has been so successful in this region and which techniques have been used to reinforce the political capture of various state institutions,especially the judiciary. The article also contains a critical analysis of the European Union’s attitude towards Hungarian and Polish illiberalism. The general hypothesis of this study is that Hungary and Poland have gone so far towards constitutional illiberalism, that it is extremely difficult to indicate the simple legal remedies for rapid return of these countries to liberal democracy.
The notion of civil service in Europe: establishing an analytical framework for comparative study
(2022)
The aim of this paper is to create an analytical framework for comparative study (FÖV project “The Transformation of the Civil Service in Europe”). It explores the scope and denotation of the terms “civil service” and “civil servant”. Its main argument is that a comparative legal ana-lysis should distinguish the notions of public service and civil service. Public service concerns a type of professional activity related to the exercise of all public power (legislative, executive and judicial). Civil servants are officials employed by the executive; they have special duties and responsibilities and are often subject to specific requirements. The employment regime is not decisive for the status of civil servant, due to the fact that government officials in Europe are employed both under public or private (labour) law. Nonetheless, they should enjoy stability of employment and exercise their competencies on a regular basis, not ad hoc.