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Institute
Legal acts performed by EU Member States applying Union law come within the scope of the Convention and can give rise to adjudication by the ECtHR. A long series of judgments illus-trate the ECtHR’s approach regarding the application of Union law by the courts of EU Mem-ber States. The Convention and Union law are not two autonomous systems separated by a watertight fence. Both European Courts should therefore adopt a wholistic approach in this area, because only a wholistic view takes full account of the legal reality which is one of inter-action and intertwining. The ECtHR makes abundant use of EU law sources, thereby always explicitly referring to them. Three different categories of cases can be identified in how the CJEU goes about the Convention in its case-law.
Two different States licensed exports of intrusion tools and related items to a third State. That State then used it to spy on human rights defenders, lawyers, journalists, activists, opposition politicians, and dissidents. While one of the licensing States is a member of the Wassenaar Arrangement, the other is not but had declared to follow it unilaterally. The legal analysis considers the attribution of the relevant acts and omissions by the States and examines possible breaches of international export control law and international human rights law.
The picture regarding the protection of fundamental rights in Europe today increasingly looks like a patchwork, due to a lack of coordination at different levels. Developments reinforcing that picture include the emergence of different methodologies for the application of funda-mental rights, Constitution-based challenges to European law by national Supreme Courts, codifications of existing case-law and the creation of so-called « hybrid » institutions. The resulting complexity is a challenge for domestic courts, a threat to the confidence of citizens and detrimental to the fundamental rights themselves, their special role and authority being gradually eroded by a general relativism. EU-accession could have an anti-patchwork effect and represent a chance for a general coordination of fundamental rights in Europe. Beyond making the Convention binding upon the EU, it would also have a pan-European (re)structu-ring effect by confirming the Convention as the minimum benchmark providing both the bedrock and the framework for any other national or European fundamental rights as well as for the necessary judicial dialogue on the latter. Good progress has been achieved since the resumption of negotiations for EU-accession, justifying cautious optimism as to the possibility to find adequate solutions to the outstanding issues.
For centuries, export control regulations have accompanied the development of new weapon technologies. The revelations of the ‘Pegasus Project’ have put the question of whether and how to regulate the export of the new technology ‘cyberweapons’ in the limelight: Is the current international export control law up to the challenge of sufficiently regulating the proliferation of ‘cyberweapons’ or does it need an update? To answer this question, the blog post will, first, turn to the definition and relevance of ‘cyberweapons’. Secondly, international export control law is introduced as a possible measure to mitigate the risks posed by ‘cyberweapons’ against the backdrop of regulating the use of ‘cyberweapons’ or establishing a moratorium on its trade. Third, the blog post will assess the export of ‘cyberweapons’ in general and the export of Pegasus in particular within the current international export control framework. The current framework seems to touch upon partial aspects of the trade with ‘cyberweapons’. However, it stands to fear that it is not up to the task of sufficiently curtailing the proliferation of ‘cyberweapons’ and the associated risks, as it especially leaves the underlying problem of the trade with zero-day vulnerabilities untouched.
The hybrid EPPO structure is operating under a hybrid set of fundamental rights, thus calling into question the well-established principle of the single set of norms applicable throughout criminal proceedings. Moreover, the system is characterized by a distortion of the commonly applied logical link between liability for violations of fundamental rights and control over the actions entailing those violations. EU Member States risk being held accountable under the Convention for actions on behalf of the EPPO which they did not fully control and which were subject to a different corpus of fundamental rights. The EU, for its part, takes the risk of seeing EPPO prosecutions being invalidated by domestic courts applying a Convention protection level which may be higher than the Union level. The only way to minimize the impact of these distortions is for the EU to become a Contracting Party to the Convention, along with its own Member States. This would do away with the ambivalence of the legal framework characterizing the protection of fundamental rights under the EPPO Regulation. It would also contribute to a better implementation of the principles of the rule of law and procedural fairness, advocated by the Regulation itself. Such a move would seem all the more important in light of the fact that if the EPPO proves successful, its competence might be extended in the future to other areas.
Herr Lammert, bitte handeln!
(2007)
Die Gier der Privilegierten
(2007)
Richter, Bürgermeister, Abgeordnete sollen dasselbe verdienen. Fordern die Politiker im Bundestag und berufen sich dabei auf die Empfehlung einer Kommission des früheren Bundespräsidenten Rau. Aber der Vergleich ist so unsinnig wie die Empfehlung erfunden.
Beinahe wäre das Volk darauf hereingefallen.
Ehrensold von Merkels Gnaden
(2012)
Wulffs 200.000-Euro-Frage
(2012)
„Schon die bloße Möglichkeit der direkten Demokratie entfaltet ihre Wirkung“, sagt der renommierte Verwaltungswissenschaftler Prof. Dr. Hans Herbert von Arnim und nennt es "fleet in being". Beim Stadt-Dialog „Spannungsfeld Bürgerbeteiligung“ am 12. Juni in Frankfurt am Main bescheinigte von Arnim der Politik kein gutes Zeugnis. Sie habe sich in den letzten Jahren „die ganze Hand genommen“ und sei primär um den Machterhalt bemüht. Doch gebe es bei den Menschen ein neues demokratisches Selbstwertgefühl. Und genau dieses neue Selbstwertgefühl erklärt er nun genauer in INSIGHT.
Martin Sonneborn nutzt nach dem Einzug ins EU-Parlament die öffentliche Bühne. Der Spitzenkandidat der "Partei" geht mit dem knappest möglichen Ergebnis an Wählerstimmen nach Brüssel. Ihm sollen 60 Kollegen folgen. Erklärtes Ziel: Möglichst viel Geld mitnehmen und im Wesentlichen die eigenen Rücktritte organisieren. Wahl- und Parteienrechtler Herbert von Arnim findet das nur begrenzt lustig.
Eine automatische Gehaltserhöhung – wer wünscht sich das nicht? Die
Bundestagsabgeordneten hatten aber nicht mit dem Widerstand des Bundespräsidenten gerechnet. Der will die geplante Anhebung der
Abgeordnetendiäten nun genau prüfen. Auch wenn Gauck damit recht spät dran ist, meint
Hans Herbert von Arnim: Das muss der Bundespräsident auch.
Vor das BVerfG wird das Gesetz nämlich niemand bringen. ...