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Institute
- Lehrstuhl für Volkswirtschaftslehre, insbesondere Wirtschafts- und Verkehrspolitik (Univ.-Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Andreas Knorr) (9)
- Seniorprofessur für Verwaltungswissenschaft, Politik und Recht im Bereich von Umwelt und Energie (Univ.-Prof. Dr. Eberhard Bohne) (3)
- Lehrstuhl für vergleichende Verwaltungswissenschaft und Policy-Analyse (Univ.-Prof. Dr. Michael Bauer) (2)
- Lehrstuhl für Öffentliches Recht, insbesondere deutsches und europäisches Verwaltungsrecht (Univ.-Prof. Dr. Ulrich Stelkens) (2)
- Lehrstuhl für Öffentliche Betriebswirtschaftslehre (Univ.-Prof. Dr. Holger Mühlenkamp) (1)
The notion of civil service in Europe: establishing an analytical framework for comparative study
(2022)
The aim of this paper is to create an analytical framework for comparative study (FÖV project “The Transformation of the Civil Service in Europe”). It explores the scope and denotation of the terms “civil service” and “civil servant”. Its main argument is that a comparative legal ana-lysis should distinguish the notions of public service and civil service. Public service concerns a type of professional activity related to the exercise of all public power (legislative, executive and judicial). Civil servants are officials employed by the executive; they have special duties and responsibilities and are often subject to specific requirements. The employment regime is not decisive for the status of civil servant, due to the fact that government officials in Europe are employed both under public or private (labour) law. Nonetheless, they should enjoy stability of employment and exercise their competencies on a regular basis, not ad hoc.
This paper constitutes a first didactic foray into the research project 'Property Tax as Financing Instrument of Megacities in BRICS states'. It assesses the property tax system of the BRICS states with consideration for how property taxes should be designed and used. In addition, a model to assess the efficiency with whi the property tax is appleid will be developed. This model will later be used to conduct an assessment of the property taces of the BRICS states' megacities.
The outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic in early 2020 and its consequences constitute a veritable capacity test for the European Union, challenging not only the single Member States, but also the European Union’s ability to provide policy responses that address pandemic control as a union-wide “public good” in different dimensions related to inter alia public health, but also the freedom of movement or the single market.
Against this backdrop, this article attempts to take stock of the Union’s early reactions to the first wave of the Covid-19 outbreak. After a brief introduction, we reflect on crisis manage-ment theories, power distribution in the EU, and the EU’s institutionalised crisis reaction capacity. Subsequently, crisis reaction in selected policy areas in the European Union is analysed, before we finish with a concluding section. We find some evidence for the pace-making function of the Franco-German tandem in the form of informal, decentralised action, as well as for a relative weak performance of institutionalised crisis management mecha-nisms on the EU level, but instead a centralisation towards the centre in the form of the European Commission.
Population ageing is likely to have a long-lasting negative impact on
the financial sustainability of European pension systems. As a reaction
to this, some European nations have adopted automatic adjustment
mechanisms that connect the amount of starting pensions to the development
of demographic and economic factors, such as life expectancy
and the old-age dependency ratio. Lacking such measures,
other countries account for the financial problems of their public payas-
you-go pension schemes by ad hoc amendments to their national
legislation.
This paper provides empirical evidence that national legislation
linking life expectancy at retirement age and the level of old-age pensions
attenuates opposition against reforms seeking increases to the
statutory retirement age. Using multinomial logit models fitted on individual-
level survey data, I analyze the probability that individuals accept
a potential increase in retirement age among respondents in the Czech
Republic, Poland and Slovakia. The results show that national institutional
contexts explicitly binding pensions to the development of life
expectancy attenuate opposition against a potential increase in the
statutory retirement age.
The implications of the study are of particular importance for policy-
makers looking to resolve the problem of constantly increasing oldage
dependency ratios in Europe. This requires the application of an
incentive structure that increases the acceptability of later withdrawal
from the labour market. Analyzing survey data from the late 2000s,
this study demonstrates that an explicit attachment between the level
of starting pensions and life expectancy at retirement age is particularly
useful in motivating longer working careers when life expectancy
is on the rise.