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This chapter focuses on the German reaction to the Covid-19 pandemic, in relation to the employment of both the funds from the NGEU and the internal funds. The Deutscher Auf-bau- und Resilienzplan (DARP) is a national recovery and resilience plan that is undoubtedly small, as it uses few resources when compared to the rest of Europe. Nevertheless, Germany has undergone a Copernican revolution both in its domestic economic policies, in which an investment package has been approved that violates the balanced budget, and in its relation-ship with European policies, which have seen resources injected to achieve ambitious reform goals.
La crisi legata alla diffusione globale del virus SARS-Covid 19, dopo aver imposto agli Stati europei di impiegare strumenti emergenziali per rispondere alla prima fase della pandemia, sta ora richiedendo l’adozione di riforme amministrative strutturali che possano permettere l’effettiva realizzazione dei progetti contenuti nei Piani Nazionali di Ripresa e Resilienza e finanziati attraverso il Recovery fund europeo.
I sistemi amministrativi nazionali si trovano, quindi, di fronte ad una nuova fase di profondo mutamento nella cornice delineata dalle istituzioni europee e dovranno affrontare nei prossimi anni trasformazioni necessarie per permettere la ripresa del sistema economico.
L’analisi dei diversi Piani di ripresa mostra come i diversi Paesi abbiano previsto interventi e azioni solo in parte simili. In alcuni casi, le riforme previste rappresentano la realizzazione di progetti già in corso, avviati durante il 2020 oppure già in fase di realizzazione. In altri casi, invece, si tratta di riforme del tutto nuove che sono state previste per la prima volta.
In the case, Brzeziński v. Poland, the European Court of Human Rights for the third time addressed the issue of the summary electoral proceedings in the Polish legal system. The last judgement is an excellent opportunity to examine if the provisions of the electoral law concerning these proceedings are well designed and correctly interpreted by the Polish courts. There is no doubt that free elections and freedom of expression together form the bedrock of any democratic system. The two rights are inter-related and operate to reinforce each other. For this reason, it is particularly important in the period preceding an election that opinions and information of all kinds are permitted to circulate freely. On the other hand, national authorities are legitimised to create special proceedings in order to ensure the proper conduct of the electoral campaign by preventing the dissemination of false information. As a consequence, it is possible to verify factual statements contained in the materials pertaining to an electoral campaign. Special proceedings should not apply to the value judgements. If such comments and opinions infringe the candidate’s personal rights, he or she may seek redress under the general rules of protection of individual rights.
Der Wandel der Staatsfunktionen und der Verwaltungsverantwortung in der Informationsgesellschaft
(1999)
.
Europejska zmowa
(2009)
In the field of public procurement EU law has deeply regulated not only the awarding procedures of public contracts of works, supplies or services (and since 2014 of concession contracts) but also the related review mechanisms. EU directives allow member states to decide upon the identification of the “bodies responsible for review procedures” (breviter “review bodies”) in charge of determining a possible breach of public procurement directives and whether such review bodies should or should not be judicial in character.
The essay focuses on the comparison between the implementation given to those rules by the German law, especially regarding the Vergabekammern (“Public procurement tribunals”), which are non-judicial review bodies in charge of first instance decisions, and by Italian law, where the new pre-litigation advice of ANAC (i.e. Italian Anti-Corruption Authority) has been introduced since 2016, in addition to the traditional judicial remedies, as an optional and ancillary non-judicial remedy.
Hoe belangrijk achten burgemeesters het initiëren van leerprocessen na afloop van een crisis? En waar hangen deze keuzes mee samen? In maart 2019 publiceerde het internationale wetenschappelijke tijdschrift Safety Science een artikel van Wout Broekema, Jan Porth, Trui Steen en René Torenvlied over de leeractiviteiten van burgemeesters na afloop van een crisis. Hieronder bespreken wij enkele bevindingen van het onderzoek. De resultaten zijn gebaseerd op een statistische analyse van de gegevens uit een enquête die is afgenomen onder alle Nederlandse burgemeesters in het najaar van 2015.
L'informazione ambientale nel sistema multilivello: Dalla Convenzione di Aarhus al diritto nazionale
(2019)
.
It has long been a commonplace that the European Union forms a community of law and that the principle of “integration through law” is one of its central characteristics. In view of the growing scope and complexity of Union law, which requires ever new adaptations from the Member States, research on the implementation of Union law, which also works empiri-cally, is gaining considerable importance. An international research project conducted at the German Research Institute for Public Administration was dedicated to the implementation and adaptation strategies of selected EU Member States. It investigated the transposition of organisational and procedural requirements for national administrations as laid down in EU directives related to environmental and energy policy. The investigation focused on various modalities of transposition: minimum transposition (“copy out”), the enactment of provisions that create obligations going beyond the requirements of the Directive (“gold-plating”) and the extension of the rules or principles of the Directive to other fields of law (“spill-over”), either by including a subject area not provided for in the Directive in the scope of application of the transposition provisions (spill-over in the narrow sense) or by fundamentally reforming a legal area on the occasion of the Directive (spill-over in the broad sense). The comparative analysis revealed a low degree of strategic use of transposition modalities. However, there is a growing awareness among Member States that they belong not only to a law community, but also to an implementation community. This is not least due to the mechanisms and procedures of intertwining Union and national action.
This contribution focuses on the analysis of the strategies adopted in Germany against the COVID-19 pandemic. The analysis is divided into two main issues represented by the virological containment of the pandemic on the one hand, and by the effort to stem the economic consequences of the containment measures on the other. This emergency has shown to be a real stress test for Germany, putting a strain on the federal division of competences, the democratic institutions as well as the protection of fundamental rights as a qualifying element of the rule of law.
La Resilienza ai Cambiamenti Climatici Nella Gestione Del Territorio: Uno Sguardo al Sistema Tedesco
(2021)
Il saggio pone in risalto le misure adottate in Germania nell’ambito della strategia di prevenzione di eventi calamitosi legati ai fattori climatici. L’analisi illustra le modifiche introdotte nella legislazione urbanistica allo scopo di contrastare i cambiamenti climaticie, viceversa, migliorare la resilienza a tale fenomeno.