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- Lehrstuhl für Wirtschaftliche Staatswissenschaften, insbesondere Allgemeine Volkswirtschaftslehre und Finanzwissenschaft (Univ.-Prof. Dr. Gisela Färber) (4) (remove)
Fiscal equalisation refers to attempts within a federal or at least significantly decentralised system of government to reduce fiscal disparities among subnational jurisdictions by using monetary transfers, either explicitly defined as equalisation transfers or linked to other types of grants or spending programs. At first glance, there might be considerable differences between the European countries in terms of organizing and financing local governments. However, a number of problems being faced are remarkably similar: Revenues available to local government should match their responsibilities and tax resources should be sufficient to enable them to keep pace with changes in fiscal needs. Since it could be difficult to maintain a good balance between evolving responsibilities and own local revenues, any fiscal imbalance raises the case for financial transfers between different tiers of government. This book presents a collection of essays which mainly concentrate on different systems of fiscal equalization at the local level in Europe. Features of the equalization system as well as their recent reforms are discussed. Showing the influence of progressing European integration.
All contributions examine the extent to which spatial aspects constitute a condition for successful governance in federal systems. Spatial developments influenced by the world wide trend of globalisation have far-reaching consequences for economic and fiscal policies. Several subjects are identified as the dominating future challenges for federal systems with regard to regional economic development and growth. Interpreting the experiences of several countries, the papers presented are dealing with the regional perspective of spatial externalities and public goods, challenges and problems of agglomerations, the regional incidence of public budgets, the concept of competitive federalism as well as the politics of urban change and metropolitan government. The final discussion deals with challenges of demographic change for the political and institutional structure of federal systems as well as the future demand and supply side of decentral public infrastructure.
This book has a collection of 30 pieces of research results of Chinese and German experts, scholars and government officials. They are catego-rized into four sections:
1. Introduction and analysis of the current situation of Sino-German ad-ministrative systems, such as experimental units of counties directly under the management of provincial governments in the progress of China's urbanization, comparison of the Sino-German intergovernmen-tal jurisdiction division, history of the German administrative regions and local finance of Germany etc.;
2. Sino-German challenges faced by the administrative systems, such as challenges of reform of counties directly under the management of provincial governments in China, urban-rural imbalance in the progress of modernization of Germany and impacts of population change on lo-cal administration management.;
3. Sino-German exploration and experience in administrative reform, such as experience and inspiration of the administrative hierarchy reform of Hainan, China, efficiency and expectation of strategies of “urban-rural integration” in Chengdu, China, inter-municipal cooperation in Germa-ny – design and limits of shared service, multilevel function refor-mation of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany;
4. Sino-German strategies of administrative reforms under the financial crisis, such as influences of economic and financial crisis on German administration, strategies of China's urban-rural integration and opti-mization of longitudinal administrative levels under financial crisis, promotion of equivalence of public services with fiscal balance.