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This book explores how migrants and refugees can revitalise peripheral regions and commu-nities economically. The extent to which migrants stimulate the economic activities of these regions through labour market participation, entrepreneurship, innovation and consumption is examined theoretically and empirically for the EU as a whole, as well as through empirical case studies that highlight the impact of migration at macro, company, and individual levels. A particular focus is given to the economic consequences of Third Country Nationals to places beyond the cities, i.e. the peripheral and remote regions of Europe. This book aims to provide insight into the role of migrations in low productive and labour-intensive regions. The authors provide innovative policy recommendations to stimulate the positive economic con-sequences of immigration to places beyond the cities. It will be of interest to students, re-searchers, and policymakers working within labour economics and migration and integration policies.
Die vorliegende interdisziplinäre Studie ist das Ergebnis einer Forschungskooperation zwischen dem Instituto Superior de Ciências do Trabalho e da Empresa (ISCTE) in Lissabon, Portugal und dem Forschungsinstitut für öffentliche Verwaltung bei der Hochschule für Verwaltungswissenschaften Speyer.
Ausgangspunkt ist die Annahme, daß bei der Lösung der europäischen Beschäftigungsfrage der Rolle der nationalen wie europäischen Sozialpartner in der Schaffung eines Systems der Arbeitsbeziehungen und der Entwicklung des Sozialen Dialogs entscheidende Bedeutung zukommt.
Neben einer vergleichenden Bestandsaufnahme der nationalen kollektiven Arbeitsbeziehungen in den Mitgliedstaaten Portugal und Deutschland über intensive Länderstudien auf der einen Seite, ist auf der anderen Seite die Entwicklung der europäischen Ebene der Beziehungen von Arbeitgebern wie Arbeitnehmern sowie ihrer Verbände hin zu einer Europäisierung der Arbeitsbeziehungen analysiert worden.
Zusammengefaßt kommt die Untersuchung zu folgenden Ergebnissen:
Traditionen und Situation der einzelnen Mitgliedstaaten sind so verschieden, daß eine Lösung nur in der Schaffung Jahafter europäischer Arbeitsbeziehungen zu finden ist.
In der Entwicklung europäischer Arbeitsbeziehungen und der Intensivierung des Sozialen Dialogs wird nicht allein eine konsensuale Form der Problemlösungen über Verhandlungssysteme dokumentiert, sondern der prozeßhafte Charakter europäischer Arbeitsbeziehungen deutlich.
Auch wenn die Regionen in ihren unterschiedlichen nationalen Ausprägungen an Bedeutung gewinnen, so wird der europäischen Ebene immer mehr eine Rahmenfunktion zukommen.
Deutsche Ansätze eines "Bündnisses für Arbeit" unterscheiden sich vom portugiesischen Ständigen Rat für Sozialpolitische Vereinbarungen (CPCS, Conselho Permanente de Concertação Social) durch ihren informellen Charakter im Vergleich zur institutionalisierten gewachsenen Funktion des CPCS im tripartistischen Gefüge Portugals, in dem der Staat traditionell eine weitaus aktivere Funktion übernimmt als in Deutschland.
Auch wenn die Sozialpartner sich mittlerweile als ernstzunehmende Akteure auf der europäischen Ebene etabliert haben, ist ihr nationaler Einfluß basierend auf unterschiedlichen Traditionen und Strukturen immer noch sehr verschieden.
Eine Lösung der Beschäftigungsfrage ist nur auf europäischer Ebene möglich, wobei sich die EU der erwähnten strukturellen Unterschiede bewußt sein muß.
Reinventing Government and modernizing public administration is an important issue in public policy. There is a variety of reform strategies for achieving sustainable development and efficiency of public authorities, but until now, the proposed reforms have not been very successful. It is not surprising that meanwhile, trust in New Public Management partially vanished. Instead of having faith in the "economization" of public management, the question of values arises. In this book, the necessary change towards a Public Value Management (as a counter-movement in Europe against the merely economical way of modernizing public administration) is explained and reflected.
Die Modernisierung von Staat und Verwaltung bildet ein zentrales Thema in der Auseinandersetzung um die künftige Entwicklung der Bundesrepublik Deutschland und der Europäischen Union. Trotz einer breiten Diskussion einschlägiger Modernisierungsstrategien vor allem zur Effizienzsteigerung der öffentlichen Verwaltungen sind die vorgeschlagenen Reformansätze bislang nicht sonderlich erfolgreich gewesen. Das Vertrauen vieler Bürger in ein Neues Verwaltungsmanagement schwindet mehr und mehr. Statt dessen stellen sich entschiedene Fragen nach den sozialen und Wertgrundlagen der Modernisierungsprozesse. Das Buch greift diese Fragen auf; es setzt sich mit dem notwendigen Wandel zu einem wertegebundenen öffentlichen Management als Gegenbewegung zur "Ökonomisierungsstrategie" der Staatsmodernisierung in Europa unter Abgrenzung zu den anglo-amerikanischen Staaten auseinander.
Kluwer Law International, London/The Hague/Boston 1997. 382 pp. US$ 143.00 GBP 90.00 ISBN 90-411-0685-5
Translated from the German
This work analyzes the options and powers which exist at Community level for taking action in the sphere of 'culture', which is defined as education, science and culture in its narrower sense, and covers the question of the EC´s cultural jurisdiction.
The definition of culture underlying this work has two functions: firstly, from the point of view of form, it narrows down the subject-matter under investigation and, secondly, it characterizes that subject-matter, substantively, as the area covered by those manifestations of life in society which cannot be measured by the yardstick of economic efficiency - a characterization which links together the three areas making up the field of culture: education, science and culture in the narrower sense.
Individual aspects of the EC´s cultural jurisdiction have previously been covered in varying degrees of detail in the literature, prompted by decisions of the Court of Justice or the adoption of legislation by the Community institutions. Particular attention has been paid to the question of the EC´s powers in the field of broadcasting. General investigations encompassing the various individual problems and the principles of the relationship between culture and EC law are always readily available and some lack the necessary depth because of their approach. This study attempts to fill the gap which has been found to exist in the literature on European Community law. This book is an English version ot the author´s doctoral thesis, which was awarded the Wolters Kluwer Award of 1993. In order to consider the changes brought about by the Maastricht Treaty, the author has added a section on the Treaty on European Union, which originally appeared in German as Die kulturelle Dimension im Vertrag über die Europäische Union in the magazine Europarecht (EuR 1995, 349-376).
CONTENTS:
Introduction. 1: The Cultural Dimension in the Treaty on European Union. A. Introduction. B. Survey of the Changes Brought About by the Treaty. C. The Objective of the Maintenance and Development of the acquis communautaire. D. Classification of the New Provisions within the Treaty Structure. E. Individual Aspects of the New Provisions. 2: Community Practice in the Cultural Sphere. A. The Field of Education. B. The Field of Science. C. The Cultural Sphere in the Narrower Sense. 3: Individual Aspects of Community Law in the Field of Culture. A. The Field of Education. B. The Field of Culture in the Narrower Sense. 4: Principles and Potential Development of Community Law in the Cultural Field. A. Community Competence in the Cultural Field. B. The Community Law Framework for National Cultural Policy. C. The Legal Significance of Individual Forms of Action in the Cultural Field. D. Possible Developments in Community Law in the Cultural Field. Bibliography.
Dieses Buch analysiert die EU-Forschungs- und Technologiepolitik und vermittelt Verständnis für deren Interdependenzen mit nationalen Politiken und Forschungskulturen. Zentrale Fragestellungen sind die neue Rolle der EU in der Grundlagenforschung, die Europäisierung der Forschung verbunden mit erweiterten Kompetenzen der EU und die gewachsene Rolle der Rahmenprogramme.
Einsichten in diese Fragen können helfen, neue Fragestellungen, die aus der Kommunikation der EU Kommission zur Innovationsunion von 2010 erwachsen, einzuordnen und mit ihnen umzugehen. Hierzu gehört die vom Wissenschaftsrat vorgeschlagene Option einer Verbindung eines Europäischen Forschungsraums mit Offenheit für internationale Kooperationen und hoher nationaler Autonomie der Akteure oder die DFG-Initiative für vernetzte Forschung durch eine European Grant Union aufbauend auf EUROHORCS und der ESF.
This study explores public leaders’ organizational learning orientation in the wake of a crisis. More precisely, we study the association between public leaders’ public service motivation and their learning orientation (instrumental versus political). This research addresses the lack of systematic empirical data on crisis-induced learning and provides a first systematic operationalization of this important concept. We analyze survey data collected from 209 Dutch mayors on their learning priorities in responding to a hypothetical crisis situation in their municipality. The mayors’ response patterns reveal (1) “cognitive”, (2) “behavioral”, (3) “accountability”, and (4) “external communication” dimensions of crisis-induced learning. We find that mayors with a stronger public service motivation put more effort into instrumental learning (dimensions 1 and 2), and surprisingly, also into political learning (dimensions 3 and 4). Mayoral experience in previous crises is positively associated with accountability-related learning after a crisis. However, mayoral tenure is negatively associated with crisis-induced behavioral learning.
Das Buch verwendet Forschungsergebnisse aus dem Projekt IMPEL, das unter Leitung von Univ.-Prof. Dr. <i>Eberhard Bohne</i> am Forschungsinstitut zwischen 1997 und 2001 durchgeführt wurde. Gegenstand des umfangreichen Forschungsprojekts war die Umsetzung dreier europäischer Richtlinien: der Richtlinie zur Integrierten Vermeidung und Verminderung der Umweltverschmutzung (IVU-Richtlinie), der Richtlinie über die Umweltverträglichkeitsprüfung (UVP-Richtlinie) sowie der Seveso-II - Richtlinie. Empirische Erhebungen wurden in acht EU-Mitgliedstaaten - Dänemark, Deutschland, Frankreich, Großbritannien, Italien, den Niederlanden, Schweden und Spanien - durchgeführt. Insgesamt 138 Interviews mit Experten von Behörden, Industrie und Nichtregierungsorganisationen wurden durch eine schriftliche Befragung von 178 Umweltbehörden ergänzt.
Das Projekt wurde von der Europäischen Kommission, dem deutschen Bundesumweltministerium, dem österreichischen Bundesministerium für Landwirtschaft, Forsten, Umwelt und Wassermanagement sowie der Environment Agency England and Wales gefördert.
Das vorliegende Buch gibt den Rechtsstand 2005/06 wieder. Die Sektionsreferentin Dr. <i>Sonja Bugdahn</i> hat die Kapitel zu Italien und Spanien mitverfasst, zu denen sie entscheidend beitragen konnte.
Die Studie hebt sich von anderen EU-Implementationsstudien durch eine Kombination rechtsvergleichender und sozialempirischer Analyse ab. Aufbauend auf einer detaillierten Beschreibung und Bewertung administrativer Rahmenbedingungen und nationaler Genehmigungssysteme werden allgemeine Schlussfolgerungen bezüglich einer Reform europäischer Politikgestaltung (European Governance) und Rechtsetzung gezogen.
Today, higher education and research institutions are confronted with variable and sometimes contradictory demands from state, industry and society. They have to face growing volatility in education policy, and a research paradigm that sees an accelerating rate of knowledge growth as well as the internationalization of the knowledge process itself. It is vital that academics and policymakers stay abreast of the impact that policy changes have on education and research in tertiary institutions. Based on a sector-specific theory model for the governance of research organizations, this book outlines evidence of the effects of the so-called ‘new public management reforms’ in the German university and public research sector. The volume aims to shed some light on the differences between the disciplines in input, throughput, profiles of output and the typical conditions of knowledge production, disparities that are currently little understood and are thus not reflected in government policy as ministers implement new governance forms in the research system. It analyzes in detail these new forms, and demonstrates how they affect knowledge production and research performance from the level of research group up to that of the system itself. The authors focus on a set of disciplines that represent the breadth of research divisions in major universities: natural science fields oriented to basic research (astrophysics), two application-oriented fields from the natural sciences (nanoscience and biotechnology), a social science field (economics) and a humanity field (medieval history).
The first volume of the new Transatlantic Public Policy Series comprises contributions by members of the Transatlantic Policy Consortium (TPC). Earlier versions of the papers published in this volume have been presented and discussed at the TPC Colloquium in Speyer, Germany, in June 2003 on the theme of Liberalization and Democratic Governance. They centre around subthemes which are critical on both sides of the Atlantic: the role of the state with social and economic actors, policy development and regulatory challenges to the state and the changing nature of democratic institutions and participation. Some contributions represent updated versions of papers originally prepared for the TPC Colloquium in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania/USA, in September 2001 on public service ethics at both national and international levels. The earlier publication of these papers fell victim to the terrorist attacks of that time. The volume provides a unique insight into European and US-American public policy issues and thinking. Ernst Ulrich von Weizsäcker made a remarkable contribution on "The Old and New Europe: Alternatives for Future Transatlantic Relations?" Three professors based at the German University of Administrative Sciences contributed to this volume: Stefan Fisch ("The 1832 Mass Rally for Democracy in Germany and Europe in Hambach Castle"), Siegfried Magiera ("The Role of Parliaments in the Future Architecture of the European Union"), and Hans Herbert von Arnim ("Institutionalized Political Unaccountability and Political Corruption in Germany").
Citizen Participation in Multi-level Democracies offers an overview of new forms of participatory democracy in federally and regionally organised multi-level states. Its four sections focus on the conceptual foundations of participation, the implementation and instruments of democracy, examples from federal and regional States, and the emergence of participation on the European level.
There is today a growing disaffection amongst the citizens of many states towards the traditional models of representative democracy. This book highlights the various functional and structural problems with which contemporary democracies are confronted and which lie at the root of their peoples’ discontent. Within multi-level systems in particular, the fragmentation of state authority generates feelings of powerlessness among citizens. In this context, citizens’ participation can in many cases be a useful complement to the representative and direct forms of democracy.
<b>Abstract</b>
Higher education and researach institutions are confronted with changing and sometimes contradictory claims from state, industry and society, today. They have to face growing volatility and an acceleration and internationalization of the konowledge process. This book undertakes to develop a sector specific theory of governance of the public research sector and applies it to the German research system. The book is the outcome of a large interdisciplinary project. It analyzes the reforms in the German research system from a integrated perspective of law, ecconomics and social sciences. The case of Germany is compared to reforms in other European countries such as Austria, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. The study emphasizes an integrated approach considering the researchi function of universities as well as the non-university research sector. The focus is on the integration of external and internal governance. First, we pose the question how external competition and control mechanisms do influence internal governance of research institutions and universities and vice versa. Second, we discuss the consequences of these impacts on research.
The book addresses scholars in the field of science and technology studies and research policy as well as actors responsible for establishing and implementing research policies. Managers of research institutions will find insights and guidelines for the strategic positioning of their institutions in a rapidly changing environment. Researachers in the field of governance may profit from the approaches to governance which are applied to the German research system in comparison to other research systems.
Written for:
Practitioners and scholars in Higher Education Studies, Management of Higher Education, Researach and Innovation Management, Science and Technology Studies, Science and Technology Policy, Governance and Governance Theory, New Public Management.
Is academic freedom threatened? The book examines current challenges to academic freedom in Europe, focusing mainly on Italy and Germany.
The cases discussed demonstrate that research and teaching are under pressure in Euro-pean democracies: in Hungary and Poland due to political constraints, in other countries due to societal expectations. Considering different interrelated aspects, the four parts of the book explore many real and potential threats to universities, scientific institutions and researchers, ranging from the European dimension of freedom of the arts and sciences to comparative analysis of emerging challenges to academic freedom against the backdrop of the COVID-19 pandemic. They highlight threats to university autonomy from the economic orientation of university governance, which emphasizes efficiency, competition, and external evaluation, and from new rules concerning trigger warnings, speech restrictions, and ethics commissions.
Detailed study of these complex threats is intended to stimulate scholarly reflection and elicit serious discussion at European and national level. The volume contributes to the search for a new role of universities and scientific institutions and is addressed to academics and political stakeholders.